general subjective exam, there will be a chance to get questions from
previous year, which is not likely in creative exam method. But, the teachers
should be aware as well about the method of developing creative question
papers for students. In this method, students will be able to answer all types
of question if they have idea about the learning results of all the chapters of
the text book.
3. Biotechnology in Cultivation: Principles, Applications and Results
Md. Mahfuzul Quader B.Sc (Hons.) M.Sc. D.U.
Bio-technology in cultivation is based on enhancing propagation of
selective species of microorganisms in the soil was proposed, followed by
farmers’ level trial cultivations to observe the effectiveness of the
proposition in cultivation, in comparison with chemical fertilizer. According
to the proposition, optimum number of selective microorganisms release
plant nutrients in the soil as much as available, theoretically adequate for
plants metabolic requirements, so that no fertilizer is needed to supplement
for a desired crop production. Optimum number of cells of the selective
microbial species during cultivations was maintained by providing them a
bio-fertilizer (Shamol bangla) of Grade 3.00 1.25. 1.25. 0.50 (Nitrogen,
Potassium, Phosphorus, Sulphur) produced from the waste and unused
biomass collected using unused labor of the unemployed villagers. In the
first phase in 2006, the effectiveness of the fertilizer was observed in rice and
vegetable cultivation in the self-trial field. In the second and third phases
(2007–2012), the study was conducted involving almost 1,200 farmers in
different districts and in different crop varieties. Results achieved from the
trial cultivations are summarized as - for high yield (7.5 tons/hector) HYV rice
cultivation, it was expected that 500 kgs of fertilizer would require/hector,
but actually 250-300 kg of fertilizer required/hector that ensured the high
yield of rice. Yield expected to be same as of chemical fertilizer use, but, in
reality, the production was increased 25%-75% and reduced the cost of
fertilizer by at least 35%; the fertilizer, although, was expected to be effective
for rice cultivation, but was also effective for all sorts of cultivation; number
of microbial count/gm of soil was expected to be 1x 108 -1 X 109, but in
reality, the microbial count was found 1 x109 /gm of soil; and this is not only
environment friendly, rather, prevented environmental pollution by 50%.
Besides, unused waste and bio-mass are found to be available throughout
the country and procurement of only 20% of the biomass can ensure the
annual fertilizer requirement (2 million metric tons) of the country.
Poverty and Development: Realities of Grassroots 41